The AMOC (Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation) refers to an important ocean circulation process in the Atlantic that distributes warm and cold water currents and influences the climate.
Temperature change without heat exchange with the surroundings
Horizontal transport of air masses
Solid or liquid suspended particles in the atmosphere
Reflectivity of a surface
Mid-level fleecy clouds
Mid-level layered clouds
The anvil in cumulonimbus clouds is the flat, expansive top of a thunderstorm cloud that grows horizontally and often looks like a roof.
High-pressure area
Argon is a colorless and odorless noble gas that occurs in the Earth's atmosphere and does not undergo chemical reactions.
Gaseous envelope of the Earth
Pressure of the air column
Large region of uniform air
Device for measuring air pressure
Wind force scale from 0-12
Cold northeasterly wind in Switzerland
An extratropical low-pressure storm that intensifies very rapidly. This means the air pressure at the centre of the low drops extremely quickly.
Bombogenesis refers to a rapid drop in pressure within a low-pressure system, which can lead to the development of a strong storm and heavy precipitation.
Buys Ballot's Law describes that, given a pressure gradient, wind flows from high to low pressure areas while undergoing a right-angle deflection.
Lowest layer of the atmosphere
Weather behind cold front
The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid becomes equal to the ambient pressure and it begins to boil.
Measure of sky coverage
CAPE is the abbreviation for Convective Available Potential Energy. It describes the amount of energy available to a rising air parcel in the atmosphere when it can move freely. The higher the CAPE value, the more strongly the air can rise and the greater the potential for thunderstorm formation.
High cloudlets
High veil clouds
High wispy clouds
Deflection due to Earth's rotation
Thunderstorm cloud
Heap clouds
Front with advancing cold air
Cut-off upper-level low
Climate describes the long-term weather behavior of a region, typically over a period of 30 years or more. It encompasses average values of temperature, precipitation, and other weather conditions.
Carbon dioxide is a colourless gas that occurs in the atmosphere and plays an important role in the greenhouse effect and global warming.
Transition from vapor to liquid
Particle for cloud formation
Vertical air movement through heating
Inflow of air masses
Visible accumulation of water droplets
Classification of clouds
Lower boundary of the cloud
Circular air movement
A cyclone is a large, rotating air vortex associated with low-pressure areas and often stormy weather. In addition, tropical cyclones in the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific are referred to as cyclones.
See low-pressure area
Change in wind direction with height
Low-pressure area
Fine drizzle
Height of cloud formation during thermals
Water droplets through condensation
Temperature at saturation
Temperature change of dry air
Thermal radiation capacity
The energy balance describes the equilibrium between the incoming and outgoing energy of a system, such as the Earth, and influences the climate.
Lines of equal solar radiation
Transition from liquid to vapor
Freezing rain
The Ferrel cell is an atmospheric circulation pattern that runs between the subtropical and subpolar zones and is responsible for weather conditions in the mid-latitudes.
Boundary between air masses
Temperature below 0°C
Warm, dry downslope wind
See Ice Rain
Fog made of supercooled water droplets
Visibility below 1 km due to water droplets
Braking by surface
Cumulus humilis
Eastern side of a low
Brief wind peak
Wind in equilibrium between pressure gradient and Coriolis force
Ice layer on surfaces
Total solar radiation on surface
Rate of change of a quantity
Soft ice pellets
The greenhouse effect describes the process by which greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere absorb and retain heat radiation, leading to a warming of the Earth.
See freezing rain
Reduced visibility due to suspended particles
Water vapor content of the air
The Hadley cell is a tropical wind and pressure system that forms through rising warm air at the equator and sinking cold air in the subtropics.
Large ice pellets from thunderstorms
Luminous ring around the sun or moon
Unit of atmospheric pressure
The heat index combines temperature and humidity to determine the perceived warmth and indicates how hot it feels.
Area with high air pressure
A high-pressure ridge is an area of elevated air pressure that has stabilizing effects on weather patterns and usually brings fair weather.
A hurricane is a powerful tropical cyclone with wind speeds of at least 119 km/h, which forms in the Atlantic (Northern Hemisphere) and can cause severe damage.
Device for measuring humidity
Water vapor content of the air
Very strong storm
Ice deposition through deposition (desublimation)
The Intertropical Convergence Zone is an area around the equator where the trade winds meet and heavy precipitation frequently occurs.
Tendency toward vertical motion
Temperature increase with altitude
Line of equal air pressure
Line of equal height
Line of equal temperature
See Inversion
Strong wind band in the upper troposphere
Katabatic winds are cold, downward-directed air currents that flow over steep slopes and commonly occur in the mountains.
Electrical discharge in the atmosphere
See Instability
Heat during phase transitions
Leeward side
Standing wave behind mountains
Measure of atmospheric instability
Area with low air pressure
Temperature decrease in moist air
Aviation weather report
Pouch-shaped cloud structures
A tropical-like cyclone in the Mediterranean region. It resembles a hurricane but is usually weaker. Medicanes can cause heavy rainfall and storm damage and are of great importance for meteorology and climate research.
Mesoscale refers to weather phenomena that occur within a size range of approximately 2 to 200 kilometers and last from several hours to days.
Meteorology is the science concerned with the study and prediction of weather and climate.
Old unit for air pressure
Mixing Ratio
Dense rain cloud
Foehn from the north
Weather pattern with northwesterly flow
Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless gas that makes up about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere and is important for plant growth.
Warm air glides up over cold air
See Occlusion
Cold front catches up with warm front
High-pressure system in omega shape
Influenced by terrain
Triatomic oxygen molecule
Thinning of the ozone layer
Oxygen is a colorless and odorless gas that is essential for life on Earth and makes up about 21% of the atmosphere.
Precipitation due to lifting at mountains
Air pressure
Pressure difference between two locations
Air pressure change over time
Water from clouds
Partial Pressure
Cap-shaped cloud
See Boundary Layer
No sun in polar regions
Large-scale low-pressure area over pole
English for Niederschlag
Instrument for humidity measurement
QFF is the air pressure at sea level, measured at a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius, and is often given in hPa.
Device for precipitation detection
Radiation
Liquid precipitation
Percent of saturation
Direct transition from vapor to ice
High-pressure ridge
Horizontal, roll-shaped cloud
Weather observation from space
Brief, intense precipitation
Altitude of the rain/snow transition
Warm, humid weather
Sea breeze
Persistent rain
Air pollution
Radiation from the sun
Difference Temperature - Dew Point
Resistance to vertical motion
Non-moving front
Low layered cumulus clouds
Atmospheric layer 12-50 km
Low layered clouds
Direct transition from ice to vapor
High-pressure belt in subtropics
Stronger decrease than adiabatic
Rotating thunderstorm system
Large-scale weather analysis
Maximum humidity
Water liquid below 0°C
Sound wave of a lightning bolt
Weather phenomenon with lightning and thunder
Steady tropical wind
Aerodrome weather forecast
A typhoon is a tropical cyclone that forms in the Western Pacific region and brings strong winds as well as heavy rainfall.
Measure of heat
See Inversion
Updraft caused by heating
Device for measuring temperature
Atmospheric layer 85-600 km
A trough of low pressure is an elongated area of low air pressure that often leads to changeable weather and precipitation.
Rotating column of air
Low-pressure extension
Troposphere/stratosphere boundary
Discontinuity of the tropopause
Lowest atmospheric layer
Disordered air movement
Vertically rising air movement
Vapor pressure is the pressure that the molecules of a liquid in the gas phase exert on the walls of a container, depending on temperature and the type of liquid.
Maximum visual distance
Precipitation that does not reach the ground
Wind-facing side
Front with advancing warm air
Transport of warm air
Warm air between warm and cold front
Gaseous water
Distance between wave crests
Prevailing westerly flow
Zone with prevailing westerly winds
Weather describes the current atmospheric conditions at a specific location and time, including temperature, precipitation, wind, and air pressure.
Balloon for upper-air measurements
Large-scale flow pattern
Horizontal air movement
Wind chill describes the perceived temperature created by wind, which carries heat away from the skin and thus intensifies the sensation of cold.
Direction from which wind comes
Change of wind with altitude
Speed of the wind
Weather conditions refer to the short-term weather in a specific area, including temperature, precipitation, and wind.
Point directly above observer